Refunds are now processed automatically. If the automated processing fails, the system falls back to the previous behavior of notifying the Support Team. Additionally, these calls are all made by the service user rather than the learner.
ECOM-6541
Django's user model allows email addresses to be blank. However, edx-platform includes a migration requiring that email addresses be unique. Someone in our production environment already had a blank email address, so this migration was failing earlier.